tugas bahasa inggris bisnis 2

Definition of Subjet, Verb, Complement,and Modifier and The theory of Subject-Verb Agreement

1. Definition of Subjet, Verb, Complement,and Modifier

Subject is a component that is absolutely necessary in a sentence , therefore the sentence 

would not be perfect without it . Whatever the food , drink tea bottle sosro yes . 

Whatever the language , the pattern.

Verb ( verb ) is a function word to indicate the action of the subject , showing events or circumstances . Verb is one of the eight parts of speech .

Object is :All data and functions in this paradigm is wrapped in classes or objects . 

Compare with structured programming logic . Any object can receive messages , process data ,

 and send messages to other objects .

Complement is a word or group of words that completes the meaning of the subject , verb ,

 or object . Thus , there are three kinds of complement , namely : subject , verb , 

and object complement .

EXAMPLE

·         I       planted      roses     yesterday

S         V              O               C

·                             we     can resolve     the issue    next week

           S             V                   O                 C

·         I      can help     sister     tasks

           S          V             O          C

·         They     studied   together at   the library

            S             V              O                C

·         The audience     was getting    ready to watch a    dolphin show

               S                         V                      O                            C

2. The theory of Subject-Verb Agreement

Subject-verb agreement adalah persesuaian antara verb (kata kerja) dengan subject kalimat dalam hal number, yaitu: singular (tunggal) atau plural (jamak). Subjek dapat berupa noun (kata benda), pronoun (kata ganti), atau konstruksi lain yang berakting sebagai noun, seperti gerund dan infinitive. Pada dasarnya, singular subject (subjek tunggal) menggunakan singular verb (kata kerja tunggal), sedangkan plural subject (subjek jamak) menggunakan plural verb (kata kerja jamak). Secara umum pada bentuk present tense, singular verb berupa base form (bentuk dasar) dari verb dengan ditambahkan ending (akhiran) -s. Adapun pada plural verb tanpa ditambahkan ending -s (sebaliknya, plural subject ditambahkan ending -s). Aturan kata kerja ini berlaku pula pada subjek berupa third person (orang ketiga, contoh: Ricky, Anna) dan semua personal pronoun (they, we= jamak; he, she, it= tunggal), kecuali I dan you. Walaupun berupa subjek tunggal, I dan you dipasangkan dengan kata kerja bentuk jamak (tidak termasuk verb “be” (was, am) pada “I”).

Ø  Singular subject – singular verb

Yang dimaksud dengan singular subject adalah subject pronoun he, she, dan it, atau nouns yang dapat digantikan dengan he, she atau it; Sedangkan yang dimaksud dengan singular verbs adalah verb1+es/s, is/was, serta verb phrase seperti: is/was + verb-ing/verb3, has +verb3, has been verb-ing dan has been verb3.

Ø  Plural subject – plural verb

Yang dimaksud dengan plural subject adalah subject pronouns seperti I, we, you, they, dan semua plural nouns. Sedangkan yang dimaksud dengan plural verbs adalah verbs dan verb phrase selain singular verbs di atas.

Pronouns
Pronouns adalah kata yang mengantikan kata benda (nouns) . beberapa kata yang digunakan dalam pronouns juga digunakan dalam Adjectives, namun berbeda fungsi dan bentuknya. Pronouns berdiri sendiri , sedangkan Adjectives membutuhkan sebuah kata benda di depannya.
Pembagian Pronouns
1. Personal Pronouns
2. Demonstrative Pronouns
3. Possessive Pronouns
4. Interrogative Pronouns
5. Relative Pronouns
6. Indefinite Pronouns
7. Reflexive Pronouns
8. Intensive Pronouns
9. Reciprocal Pronouns
10. Personal Pronouns

Yaitu kata ganti orang, baik orang pertama, orang kedua maupun orang ketiga. Personal Pronouns berfungsi sebagai:

a. Nominative Subjective, yaitu menjadi subjek kalimat. I, we, you, they, he, she, it.
I study English
You are my new secretary.

b. Objective, yaitu menjadi objek kalimat. Me, us, you, them, him, her, it.
She brings me a cup of coffee.
I make you a kite.

2. Demonstrative Pronouns (Kata Ganti Penunjuk)
This, that, those, these.
This is your book.
Those are my pencils.

Modal Auxiliari

Modal Auxiliaries adalah kata kerja bantu seperti akan, mungkin, bisa, dapat, harus, akan, digunakan untuk, perlu digunakan dalam hubungannya dengan kata kerja utama untuk mengekspresikan nuansa waktu dan suasana hati. Kombinasi membantu verba dengan verba utama menciptakan apa yang disebut frasa verba atau kata kerja string.Kata kerja jenis ini adalah kata kerja yang membantu verbs (kata kerja) menyatakan beberapa arti seperti KEWAJIBAN,KEMUNGKINAN,IJIN,KEMAMPUAN (sesuatu yang merupakan keharusan).

Apa itu Modal Auxiliary Verb?
kata kerja tersebut antara lain can, could, may, might, will, would, shall (biasanya dalam Inggris British), should, must, dan ought to disebut ’modal auxiliary verb’ (kata kerja bantu modal). Mereka digunakan sebelum infinitive atau kata kerja lainnya, dan menambah makna tertentu. Need, dare, dan had better kadang juga bisa digunakan seperti modal auxiliary verb.

POLA MODAL AUXILIARIES :
* ( ? ) MODAL + S + V1
Can she do the test?
Will we go to the hospital?
* ( + ) S + MODAL + V1
She can do the test.
We will go to the hospital
* ( – ) S + MODAL NOT + V1
She can’t do the test.
We will not go to the hospital.
* ( ? ) MODAL + S + V1
Can she do the test?
Will we go to the hospital?

Contoh kalimat :

1. Will
a. Expressing a certainty (Mengungkapkan kepastian)
Contoh : We will come to her party. I promise.
b. Expressing a Willingness (Mengungkapkan Keinginan)
Contoh : There’s a knock on the door. I will open it.
c. Expressing a request (Mengungkapkan permintaan)
Contoh : Will you help me?

2. Must
a. Expressing a necessity (Mengungkapkan keharusan)
Contoh : You must do everything I say.
b. Expressing a Prohibition (Mengungkapkan larangan)
Contoh : You must not break the school rules.
c. Expressing a Certainty (Mengukapkan kepastian)
Contoh : John must be upset. He failed in the final test.

3. Should
a. Expressing an advisability (Mengungkapkan saran)
Contoh : We should do something now.
b. Expressing a Future Certainty (Mengukapkan kepastian di masa depan)
Contoh : They should be there tomorrow.

4. Can
a. Expressing an Ability (Mengungkapkan Kemampuan)
Contoh : I can do the test.
b. Expressing a Possibility (Mengungkapkan Kemungkinan)
Contoh : He can be in the class now.
c. Expressing a Permission (Mengungkapkan ijin)
Contoh : You can leave me no.

Command

NEGATIVE COMMAND

Pada negative command,kita hanya tinggal menambahkan ‘not to’.Mengambil contoh pada kalimat diatas,maka kalimat tersebut kalau dirubah menjadi bentuk negative command,akan menjadi seperti berikut:

1. Ben told Sarah ‘Don’t write me a letter !’ (direct)
Ben told Sarah not to write him a letter (indirect)

2. Simon asked Bian ‘Don’t tell me about the truth !’ (direct)
Simon asked Bian not to tell him about the truth (indirect)

3. My girlfriend told me ‘Don’t stop laughing !’ (direct)
My girlfriend told me not to stop laughing (indirect)

We often use singular nouns that refer to groups of people (for example: team, government, committee) as if they were plural. This is because we often think of the group as people, doing things that people do (eating, wanting, feeling etc). In such cases, we use a plural verb. (We also then need to make sure that other words agree - they instead of it, who instead of which.)

Here are some examples:

·      The committee have asked for sandwiches for lunch. They have to leave early.

·      My family, who do not see me often, have asked me home for Christmas.

·      The team hope to win next time.

Here are some examples of words and expressions that can be considered singular or plural:

·      choir, class, club, committee, company, family, government, jury, school, staff, team, union, the BBC, board of directors, the Conservative Party, Manchester United, the Ministry of Health

But when we consider the group as an impersonal unit, we use singular verbs (and singular pronouns):

·      The new company is the result of a merger.

·      An average family consists of four people.

·      The committee, which was formed in 2012, is made up of four men and four women.

Notice that this is often a question of style and logic. The important thing is to be consistent.

Referensi :

http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-contoh-kalimat-subject-verb-agreement

http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-contoh-kalimat-subject-verb-complement

https://mangantar.wordpress.com/

https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/subject-verb-agreement-collective-nouns.htm